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D

Mud Lake

Jefferson County, WisconsinEutrophic

Mud Lake pulls a D on the LakeGrade rubric — phosphorus loading and limited clarity hold it below the Wisconsin average. The two scored sub-grades — clarity and phosphorus — track close together, so neither one is dragging the average down.

A TSI in the eutrophic range signals a lake doing what nutrient-loaded waters do — supporting an active algal community at the cost of clear water. A maximum depth of 22 ft puts Mud Lake in the middle of Wisconsin's depth distribution. At 84 acres, Mud Lake sits below the Wisconsin median: a small water where shoreline activity has an outsized effect on water quality. Mud Lake ranks 7 of 8 in Jefferson County — at the lower end of the locally monitored distribution.

Mud Lake has at least one documented invasive species (Curly-Leaf Pondweed), so boaters and anglers should observe clean-drain-dry steps when leaving the lake. The lake's fish records list 2 species — a varied community without one dominant gamefish. Monitoring depth is thin here: the LakeGrade rubric is applied to a small number of sample years, and the grade will be revised as more data accumulates.

Source: EPA Water Quality Portal sampling records, Wisconsin DNR Surface Water, last sampled 2025-08-25. Grade methodology: LakeGrade methodology.

Reviewed by LakeQuality Editorial Team · Updated

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Swimming Safety

Swimming not recommended, poor water quality with high algae risk

Water Quality Grade: D, Poor

Very murky, less than 2.1 ft of visibility. Phosphorus level: 63.1 µg/L. Trophic State Index: 65.

MetricValueGrade
Water Clarity (Secchi Depth)2.1 ftF
Phosphorus63.1 µg/LD
Chlorophyll-a (Algae)No data
Trophic State Index (TSI)65Eutrophic

High nutrients, frequent algae, reduced clarity

Lake Details

CharacteristicValue
Maximum Depth22 ft
Surface Area84 acres

Fish Species

Click a species to see all Wisconsin and Minnesota lakes where it is found.

→ Best fishing times for Mud Lake (14-day solunar calendar)

→ Is it safe to eat fish from Mud Lake? (mercury & PFAS guide)

Mud Lake fishing regulations (limits, seasons, special rules)

Invasive & Introduced Species

Red chips are ecologically harmful invasive species. Gray chips are stocked or introduced fish that aren't a current ecological concern.

Curly-Leaf Pondweed

Water Quality Trend: Improving

Based on 6 years of monitoring data (2020-2025).

MetricTrendChange/YearYears
Water Clarity Improving+0.132 m/yr6
Phosphorus Improving-5.01 µg/L/yr5
See year-by-year chart →

Location

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County Ranking

Ranked #7 of 8 lakes in Jefferson County

Cleaner Lakes Within 30 Miles

Mud Lake holds Grade D. 5 nearby lakes hold higher grades.

See full comparison →

Nearby Lakes in Jefferson County

WI DNR Lake Profile

Authoritative data from the Wisconsin DNR LakePages. Monitored by volunteers since 2017. 1 station on file (most recent sample 2026).

DNR Assessment
Poor · Deep Lowland lake
Trophic State Index 70 (eutrophic) · 5-year average

Fish Species (DNR-rated)

Panfish(Common)Northern Pike(Present)

EPA Impairment Status

Mud Lake is officially listed as impaired under Clean Water Act §303(d) in the 2024 EPA reporting cycle (IR category 5).

Causes of impairment

Nutrients (phosphorus, nitrogen)

Source: EPA ATTAINS assessment unit WI10006218 · Official waterbody report

Data Sources

Water quality data from the EPA Water Quality Portal

Impairment status from EPA ATTAINS 303(d) database

Grading methodology based on Metropolitan Council standards

Most recent sample: 2025-08-25

Monitoring stations: 1