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D

Horseshoe Lake

Aitkin County, MinnesotaLimited DataEutrophic

Horseshoe Lake earns a D — measurements through 2024 show persistent nutrient pressure that limits clarity through the summer.

At a TSI of 59, Horseshoe Lake reads as eutrophic — nutrient-rich enough that summer algal growth and reduced clarity are expected, not unusual. Horseshoe Lake is a shallow lake at 12 ft maximum depth, which means it warms quickly, mixes constantly, and amplifies nutrient inputs. The lake's 240 acres and 3.7 miles of shoreline put it in the mid-range bucket — large enough for varied use, small enough that watershed inputs reach the whole basin. Within Aitkin County's 53 graded lakes, Horseshoe Lake ranks 36 — below the local median, though not at the bottom.

Horseshoe Lake has no invasive species recorded in Minnesota state databases as of 2024, though prevention practices still apply at all access points. The fishery includes walleye among the lake's 12 documented species — a notable draw for Minnesota anglers. The lake lacks a documented public access point, so visitor use is limited. Ice-out has been recorded 8 times at Horseshoe Lake, with a median around Apr 15. The grade is based on limited monitoring — fewer than three independent measurement years contribute, so future updates may shift the letter.

Source: EPA Water Quality Portal sampling records, Minnesota DNR LakeFinder, last sampled 2024-09-22. Grade methodology: LakeGrade methodology.

Reviewed by LakeQuality Editorial Team · Updated

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Swimming Safety

Swimming not recommended, poor water quality with high algae risk

Water Quality Grade: D, Poor

Murky, only visible to about 3.5 ft. Trophic State Index: 59.

MetricValueGrade
Water Clarity (Secchi Depth)3.5 ftD
PhosphorusNo data
Chlorophyll-a (Algae)No data
Trophic State Index (TSI)59Eutrophic

High nutrients, frequent algae, reduced clarity

Lake Details

CharacteristicValue
Maximum Depth12 ft
Average Depth7 ft
Surface Area240.06 acres
Shoreline Length3.7 mi
Littoral Zone100%
Public AccessNo

Fish Species

black bullhead,black crappie,bluegill,bowfin (dogfish),brown bullhead,hybrid sunfish,largemouth bass,northern pike,pumpkinseed,walleye,yellow bullhead,yellow perch

Click a species to see all Minnesota and Wisconsin lakes where it is found.

→ Best fishing times for Horseshoe Lake (14-day solunar calendar)

→ Is it safe to eat fish from Horseshoe Lake? (mercury & PFAS guide)

Horseshoe Lake fishing regulations (limits, seasons, special rules)

Water Quality Trend: Declining

Based on 5 years of monitoring data (2020-2025).

MetricTrendChange/YearYears
Water Clarity Declining-0.137 m/yr5
See year-by-year chart →

Ice Season

Historical ice data from Minnesota DNR (8 observations).

Typical Ice-Out
Apr 15
EarliestLatest
Ice-Out2010-03-30 (2010)2023-05-03 (2023)

Most recent ice-out: 2023-05-03

Location

Loading map…

County Ranking

Ranked #36 of 53 lakes in Aitkin County

Cleaner Lakes Within 30 Miles

Horseshoe Lake holds Grade D. One nearby lake has a higher grade.

Nearby Lakes in Aitkin County

State Parks Near Horseshoe Lake

DNR Fisheries Survey Summary

10 surveys on file from MN DNR Fisheries. Most recent: 2022-08-22 (Standard Survey).

Top Species by Catch Rate

SpeciesAvg CPUEAvg Weight
Bluegill11.850.21 lb
GOS10.500.08 lb
Black Crappie10.490.23 lb
Yellow Perch9.700.1 lb
JND9.65
Yellow Bass3.150.85 lb

CPUE = catch per unit effort, averaged across surveys (excludes juvenile shoreline seining). Higher CPUE = more abundant in standardized sampling.

Length Distributions

Number of fish caught at each inch class in the most recent survey that recorded lengths. Red dashed line marks an approximate trophy threshold for that species.

Bluegill

107 fish · 39 in · 2022-08-22
50250trophy 103456789

GOS

1 fish · 66 in · 2009-08-24
106

Black Crappie

124 fish · 411 in · 2022-08-22
57290trophy 104567891011

Yellow Perch

46 fish · 57 in · 2022-08-22
26130567

From the 2022-08-22 survey

Horseshoe Lake is a 237-acre lake located in northeastern Aitkin County approximately 9 miles northeast of McGregor. The lake is shallow with a maximum depth of only 12 ft. and summer algal blooms are relatively common. The water is a tannin stained dark brown in color, limiting the secchi disk reading to only 1.5 ft.…

Source: MN DNR LakeFinder Fisheries Lake Survey

DNR Reports & Resources

Minnesota DNR LakeFinder publishes lake survey, fish stocking, water access, and aquatic plant data for Horseshoe Lake. 3 reports on file.

EPA Impairment Status

Horseshoe Lake is officially listed as impaired under Clean Water Act §303(d) in the 2024 EPA reporting cycle (IR category 4A).

Causes of impairment

Nutrients (phosphorus, nitrogen)

A Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) plan has been approved.

Source: EPA ATTAINS assessment unit MN01-0034-00 · Official waterbody report

Data Sources

Water quality data from the EPA Water Quality Portal

Impairment status from EPA ATTAINS 303(d) database

Grading methodology based on Metropolitan Council standards

Lake details from Minnesota DNR LakeFinder

Ice data from Minnesota DNR Climate

Most recent sample: 2024-09-22

Monitoring stations: 1