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B

Horseshoe Lake

Itasca County, MinnesotaLimited DataMesotrophic

Horseshoe Lake comes in at a B on the grading rubric — a respectable showing for a Minnesota lake of its size and depth.

Mesotrophic conditions dominate at Horseshoe Lake: enough nutrients for a healthy fishery, not so much that algal blooms become a chronic problem. The lake bottoms out at 25 ft — a moderate depth that supports a warm-water fishery without the year-round cold refuge a deeper basin provides. The lake's 260 acres and 3.2 miles of shoreline put it in the mid-range bucket — large enough for varied use, small enough that watershed inputs reach the whole basin. Horseshoe Lake ranks 58 of 141 in Itasca County — solidly in the upper half of the local distribution.

Horseshoe Lake has no invasive species recorded in Minnesota state databases as of 2024, though prevention practices still apply at all access points. The fishery includes walleye among the lake's 13 documented species — a notable draw for Minnesota anglers. The lake lacks a documented public access point, so visitor use is limited. The grade is based on limited monitoring — fewer than three independent measurement years contribute, so future updates may shift the letter.

Source: EPA Water Quality Portal sampling records, Minnesota DNR LakeFinder, last sampled 2024-10-10. Grade methodology: LakeGrade methodology.

Reviewed by LakeQuality Editorial Team · Updated

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Swimming Safety

Good for swimming, clear water with low algae levels

Water Quality Grade: B, Good

Good clarity, visible to about 10.5 ft. Trophic State Index: 43.

MetricValueGrade
Water Clarity (Secchi Depth)10.5 ftB
PhosphorusNo data
Chlorophyll-a (Algae)No data
Trophic State Index (TSI)43Mesotrophic

Moderate nutrients, good water quality

Lake Details

CharacteristicValue
Maximum Depth25 ft
Surface Area260.22 acres
Shoreline Length3.2 mi
Littoral Zone93%
Public AccessNo

Fish Species

black bullhead,black crappie,bluegill,brown bullhead,hybrid sunfish,largemouth bass,northern pike,pumpkinseed,rock bass,smallmouth bass,walleye,white sucker,yellow bullhead

Click a species to see all Minnesota and Wisconsin lakes where it is found.

→ Best fishing times for Horseshoe Lake (14-day solunar calendar)

→ Is it safe to eat fish from Horseshoe Lake? (mercury & PFAS guide)

Horseshoe Lake fishing regulations (limits, seasons, special rules)

Water Quality Trend: Improving

Based on 5 years of monitoring data (2020-2025).

MetricTrendChange/YearYears
Water Clarity Improving+0.152 m/yr5
See year-by-year chart →

Location

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County Ranking

Ranked #58 of 141 lakes in Itasca County

Cleaner Lakes Within 30 Miles

Horseshoe Lake holds Grade B. 5 nearby lakes hold higher grades.

Nearby Lakes in Itasca County

State Parks Near Horseshoe Lake

DNR Fisheries Survey Summary

5 surveys on file from MN DNR Fisheries. Most recent: 2007-08-27 (Standard Survey).

Top Species by Catch Rate

SpeciesAvg CPUEAvg Weight
Black Bullhead18.270.3 lb
Yellow Perch10.580.16 lb
Bluegill5.910.23 lb
Northern Pike5.131.76 lb
Pumpkinseed3.310.17 lb
White Sucker3.072.65 lb

CPUE = catch per unit effort, averaged across surveys (excludes juvenile shoreline seining). Higher CPUE = more abundant in standardized sampling.

Length Distributions

Number of fish caught at each inch class in the most recent survey that recorded lengths. Red dashed line marks an approximate trophy threshold for that species.

Black Bullhead

79 fish · 811 in · 2007-08-27
66330891011

Yellow Perch

113 fish · 59 in · 1997-07-21
4422056789

Bluegill

173 fish · 39 in · 2007-08-27
54270trophy 103456789

Northern Pike

58 fish · 1133 in · 2007-08-27
11601214161820222426283032

From the 2007-08-27 survey

Horseshoe Lake is a 270-acre lake in Itasca County near Marcell. Horseshoe Lake is a relatively small, shallow, hardwater lake that has occasionally experienced winterkill. The lake has historically been managed for walleye and centrachids. A population assessment was conducted on Horseshoe Lake in 2007 to determine…

Source: MN DNR LakeFinder Fisheries Lake Survey

DNR Reports & Resources

Minnesota DNR LakeFinder publishes lake survey, fish stocking, water access, and aquatic plant data for Horseshoe Lake. 2 reports on file.

EPA Impairment Status

Horseshoe Lake is officially listed as impaired under Clean Water Act §303(d) in the 2024 EPA reporting cycle (IR category 4A).

Causes of impairment

Mercury

A Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) plan has been approved.

Source: EPA ATTAINS assessment unit MN31-0726-00 · Official waterbody report · Matched by proximity (2.32 km)

Data Sources

Water quality data from the EPA Water Quality Portal

Impairment status from EPA ATTAINS 303(d) database

Grading methodology based on Metropolitan Council standards

Lake details from Minnesota DNR LakeFinder

Most recent sample: 2024-10-10

Monitoring stations: 1