Nelson Lake
Sawyer County, WisconsinEutrophic
Nelson Lake earns a C — middle-of-the-pack water quality, with one or two parameters dragging the average down from a stronger grade. The lake's weakest score is on Secchi depth — the water looks more turbid than its phosphorus number alone would predict.
At a TSI of 52, Nelson Lake reads as eutrophic — nutrient-rich enough that summer algal growth and reduced clarity are expected, not unusual. The lake's maximum depth is not yet documented in state morphometric records — context for its physical structure remains limited. At 2,503 acres, Nelson Lake is one of the larger lakes in Sawyer County, with partial shoreline records supporting multiple distinct use patterns. Within the 50 graded lakes of Sawyer County, Nelson Lake sits at rank 40, near the bottom of the county list.
No invasive species are currently listed at Nelson Lake — the lake remains off the Wisconsin infested-waters roster. The state fisheries records do not list documented species for Nelson Lake, which usually reflects a lack of formal fisheries survey work rather than an empty lake. Monitoring depth is thin here: the LakeGrade rubric is applied to a small number of sample years, and the grade will be revised as more data accumulates.
Source: EPA Water Quality Portal sampling records, Wisconsin DNR Surface Water, last sampled 2025-10-27. Grade methodology: LakeGrade methodology.
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Swimming Safety
Generally safe for swimming, moderate water quality
Water Quality Grade: C, Fair
Murky, only visible to about 5 ft. Phosphorus level: 23.9 µg/L. Trophic State Index: 52.
| Metric | Value | Grade |
|---|---|---|
| Water Clarity (Secchi Depth) | 5 ft | D |
| Phosphorus | 23.9 µg/L | B |
| Chlorophyll-a (Algae) | No data | |
| Trophic State Index (TSI) | 52 | Eutrophic |
High nutrients, frequent algae, reduced clarity
Lake Details
| Characteristic | Value |
|---|---|
| Surface Area | 2,503 acres |
| Public Access | Yes |
Water Quality Trend: ↓ Declining
Based on 6 years of monitoring data (2020-2025).
| Metric | Trend | Change/Year | Years |
|---|---|---|---|
| Water Clarity | ↓ Declining | -0.236 m/yr | 6 |
Recreation & Access
Location
County Ranking
Ranked #40 of 50 lakes in Sawyer County
Cleaner Lakes Within 30 Miles
Nelson Lake holds Grade C. 5 nearby lakes hold higher grades.
- ARound LakeSawyer County · mi · Two grade letters higher (C → A)
- ALake PlacidSawyer County · mi · Two grade letters higher (C → A)
- ALittle Round LakeSawyer County · mi · Two grade letters higher (C → A)
- AChristner LakeSawyer County · mi · Two grade letters higher (C → A)
- AMcclaine LakeSawyer County · mi · Two grade letters higher (C → A)
Nearby Lakes in Sawyer County
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Eutrophic Lakes in Wisconsin
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DNR Reports & Resources
Wisconsin DNR Fisheries scientists publish multi-year survey reports for Nelson Lake covering fish populations, stocking, water quality, and management. 1 report on file.
- 2023Nelson Lake spring shocking and netting survey, 2023Spring Shocking Survey · WI DNR · 2023 (PDF)
Reservoir Info (USACE NID)
Nelson Lake is a man-made reservoir impounded by the Totagatic (completed 1936), built primarily for recreation on the TOTAGATIC; gravity-type dam, 20 ft tall and 556 ft long.
- Surface area
- 2,503 ac
- Normal storage
- 21,000 ac-ft
- Max storage
- 38,000 ac-ft
- Drainage area
- 49.8 sq mi
- Hazard class
- Low
- Owner
- Sawyer County
Source: USACE National Inventory of Dams, NID ID WI00197 · Operator website
EPA Impairment Status
Nelson Lake is officially listed as impaired under Clean Water Act §303(d) in the 2024 EPA reporting cycle (IR category 5R).
Causes of impairment
Source: EPA ATTAINS assessment unit WI10006780 · Official waterbody report
Data Sources
Water quality data from the EPA Water Quality Portal
Impairment status from EPA ATTAINS 303(d) database
Grading methodology based on Metropolitan Council standards
Public boat-access points from the USGS National Boat Ramps inventory
Most recent sample: 2025-10-27
Monitoring stations: 3
Where to stay near Nelson Lake
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