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C

Nelson Lake

Sawyer County, WisconsinEutrophic

Nelson Lake earns a C — middle-of-the-pack water quality, with one or two parameters dragging the average down from a stronger grade. The lake's weakest score is on Secchi depth — the water looks more turbid than its phosphorus number alone would predict.

At a TSI of 52, Nelson Lake reads as eutrophic — nutrient-rich enough that summer algal growth and reduced clarity are expected, not unusual. The lake's maximum depth is not yet documented in state morphometric records — context for its physical structure remains limited. At 2,503 acres, Nelson Lake is one of the larger lakes in Sawyer County, with partial shoreline records supporting multiple distinct use patterns. Within the 50 graded lakes of Sawyer County, Nelson Lake sits at rank 40, near the bottom of the county list.

No invasive species are currently listed at Nelson Lake — the lake remains off the Wisconsin infested-waters roster. The state fisheries records do not list documented species for Nelson Lake, which usually reflects a lack of formal fisheries survey work rather than an empty lake. Monitoring depth is thin here: the LakeGrade rubric is applied to a small number of sample years, and the grade will be revised as more data accumulates.

Source: EPA Water Quality Portal sampling records, Wisconsin DNR Surface Water, last sampled 2025-10-27. Grade methodology: LakeGrade methodology.

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Swimming Safety

Generally safe for swimming, moderate water quality

Water Quality Grade: C, Fair

Murky, only visible to about 5 ft. Phosphorus level: 23.9 µg/L. Trophic State Index: 52.

MetricValueGrade
Water Clarity (Secchi Depth)5 ftD
Phosphorus23.9 µg/LB
Chlorophyll-a (Algae)No data
Trophic State Index (TSI)52Eutrophic

High nutrients, frequent algae, reduced clarity

Lake Details

CharacteristicValue
Surface Area2,503 acres
Public AccessYes

Water Quality Trend: Declining

Based on 6 years of monitoring data (2020-2025).

MetricTrendChange/YearYears
Water Clarity Declining-0.236 m/yr6
See year-by-year chart →

Recreation & Access

4
Boat Landings
Yes
Public Access

Location

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County Ranking

Ranked #40 of 50 lakes in Sawyer County

Cleaner Lakes Within 30 Miles

Nelson Lake holds Grade C. 5 nearby lakes hold higher grades.

See full comparison →

Nearby Lakes in Sawyer County

Compare Nelson Lake With Nearby Lakes

DNR Reports & Resources

Wisconsin DNR Fisheries scientists publish multi-year survey reports for Nelson Lake covering fish populations, stocking, water quality, and management. 1 report on file.

Reservoir Info (USACE NID)

Nelson Lake is a man-made reservoir impounded by the Totagatic (completed 1936), built primarily for recreation on the TOTAGATIC; gravity-type dam, 20 ft tall and 556 ft long.

Surface area
2,503 ac
Normal storage
21,000 ac-ft
Max storage
38,000 ac-ft
Drainage area
49.8 sq mi
Hazard class
Low
Owner
Sawyer County

Source: USACE National Inventory of Dams, NID ID WI00197 · Operator website

EPA Impairment Status

Nelson Lake is officially listed as impaired under Clean Water Act §303(d) in the 2024 EPA reporting cycle (IR category 5R).

Causes of impairment

Nutrients (phosphorus, nitrogen)

Source: EPA ATTAINS assessment unit WI10006780 · Official waterbody report

Data Sources

Water quality data from the EPA Water Quality Portal

Impairment status from EPA ATTAINS 303(d) database

Grading methodology based on Metropolitan Council standards

Public boat-access points from the USGS National Boat Ramps inventory

Most recent sample: 2025-10-27

Monitoring stations: 3

Where to stay near Nelson Lake

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