Rainy Lake
Cass County, MinnesotaOligotrophic
Rainy Lake sits at the top of the Minnesota PCA grading rubric with an A, a mark reached by the cleanest lakes in Minnesota. Sub-grades cluster within a single letter of each other, which usually means the lake is in stable trophic balance rather than fighting one specific stressor.
The lake's low TSI puts it in oligotrophic territory — the cleanest of the four trophic classes, but also the most vulnerable to nutrient-driven shifts. Rainy Lake reaches 29 ft at its deepest point — typical for Minnesota mid-sized lakes, with seasonal stratification but limited cold-water refuge. At 129 acres, Rainy Lake fits the Minnesota median for monitored lakes, with 2.8 miles of shoreline. Among the 133 graded lakes in Cass County, Rainy Lake sits at rank 57, above the county median.
Rainy Lake has no invasive species recorded in Minnesota state databases as of 2024, though prevention practices still apply at all access points. The state fisheries records do not list documented species for Rainy Lake, which usually reflects a lack of formal fisheries survey work rather than an empty lake. The lake lacks a documented public access point, so visitor use is limited. Ice-out has been logged at Rainy Lake more than two dozen times, putting the median around Apr 15 — a useful baseline for tracking climate trends. The grade is based on limited monitoring — fewer than three independent measurement years contribute, so future updates may shift the letter.
Source: EPA Water Quality Portal sampling records, Minnesota DNR LakeFinder, last sampled 2024-09-12. Grade methodology: LakeGrade methodology.
Swimming Safety
Excellent for swimming, crystal clear water with minimal algae
Water Quality Grade: A, Excellent
Good clarity, visible to about 13.9 ft. Phosphorus level: 11.5 µg/L. Trophic State Index: 39.
| Metric | Value | Grade |
|---|---|---|
| Water Clarity (Secchi Depth) | 13.9 ft | B |
| Phosphorus | 11.5 µg/L | A |
| Chlorophyll-a (Algae) | No data | |
| Trophic State Index (TSI) | 39 | Oligotrophic |
Low nutrients, clear water, excellent for swimming
Lake Details
| Characteristic | Value |
|---|---|
| Maximum Depth | 29 ft |
| Surface Area | 129.39 acres |
| Shoreline Length | 2.8 mi |
| Littoral Zone | 72% |
| Public Access | No |
Water Quality Trend: → Stable
Based on 5 years of monitoring data (2020-2025).
| Metric | Trend | Change/Year | Years |
|---|---|---|---|
| Water Clarity | ↓ Declining | -0.231 m/yr | 5 |
| Phosphorus | ↑ Improving | -2.2 µg/L/yr | 5 |
Ice Season
Historical ice data from Minnesota DNR (51 observations).
Estimated open water season: 220 days
| Earliest | Latest | |
|---|---|---|
| Ice-Out | 2016-03-30 (2016) | 1996-05-03 (1996) |
| Ice-In | 1993-11-06 (1993) | 1998-12-08 (1998) |
Most recent ice-out: 2023-05-01
Location
County Ranking
Ranked #57 of 133 lakes in Cass County
Nearby Lakes in Cass County
More Minnesota Lake Rankings
Other Grade A Lakes in Minnesota
Oligotrophic Lakes in Minnesota
DNR Fisheries Survey Summary
3 surveys on file from MN DNR Fisheries. Most recent: 1987-07-07 (Standard Survey).
Top Species by Catch Rate
| Species | Avg CPUE | Avg Weight |
|---|---|---|
| Bluegill | 37.75 | 0.13 lb |
| Yellow Perch | 6.09 | 0.11 lb |
| Pumpkinseed | 5.84 | 0.22 lb |
| Yellow Bass | 4.46 | 0.49 lb |
| Black Crappie | 3.33 | 0.3 lb |
| Northern Pike | 2.56 | 3.3 lb |
CPUE = catch per unit effort, averaged across surveys (excludes juvenile shoreline seining). Higher CPUE = more abundant in standardized sampling.
From the 1987-07-07 survey
The fish population does not seem to have changed appreciably since the lake survey done in 1962. The bulk of the fish biomass is still predominantly centrarchids, with bluegills, black crappies, and largemouth bass being the most sought-after fish by sportsmen. Looking at the age and growth data, it can be seen that…
DNR Reports & Resources
Minnesota DNR LakeFinder publishes lake survey, fish stocking, water access, and aquatic plant data for Rainy Lake. 2 reports on file.
- —Fisheries Lake Survey — RainyFisheries Lake Survey · MN DNR LakeFinder
- —Aquatic Plant Report — Rainy (1579)Aquatic Plant Report · MN DNR LakeFinder
Data Sources
Water quality data from the EPA Water Quality Portal
Grading methodology based on Metropolitan Council standards
Lake details from Minnesota DNR LakeFinder
Ice data from Minnesota DNR Climate
Most recent sample: 2024-09-12
Monitoring stations: 1