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LakeQuality
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Rainy Lake

Cass County, MinnesotaOligotrophic

Rainy Lake sits at the top of the Minnesota PCA grading rubric with an A, a mark reached by the cleanest lakes in Minnesota. Sub-grades cluster within a single letter of each other, which usually means the lake is in stable trophic balance rather than fighting one specific stressor.

The lake's low TSI puts it in oligotrophic territory — the cleanest of the four trophic classes, but also the most vulnerable to nutrient-driven shifts. Rainy Lake reaches 29 ft at its deepest point — typical for Minnesota mid-sized lakes, with seasonal stratification but limited cold-water refuge. At 129 acres, Rainy Lake fits the Minnesota median for monitored lakes, with 2.8 miles of shoreline. Among the 133 graded lakes in Cass County, Rainy Lake sits at rank 57, above the county median.

Rainy Lake has no invasive species recorded in Minnesota state databases as of 2024, though prevention practices still apply at all access points. The state fisheries records do not list documented species for Rainy Lake, which usually reflects a lack of formal fisheries survey work rather than an empty lake. The lake lacks a documented public access point, so visitor use is limited. Ice-out has been logged at Rainy Lake more than two dozen times, putting the median around Apr 15 — a useful baseline for tracking climate trends. The grade is based on limited monitoring — fewer than three independent measurement years contribute, so future updates may shift the letter.

Source: EPA Water Quality Portal sampling records, Minnesota DNR LakeFinder, last sampled 2024-09-12. Grade methodology: LakeGrade methodology.

Swimming Safety

Excellent for swimming, crystal clear water with minimal algae

Water Quality Grade: A, Excellent

Good clarity, visible to about 13.9 ft. Phosphorus level: 11.5 µg/L. Trophic State Index: 39.

MetricValueGrade
Water Clarity (Secchi Depth)13.9 ftB
Phosphorus11.5 µg/LA
Chlorophyll-a (Algae)No data
Trophic State Index (TSI)39Oligotrophic

Low nutrients, clear water, excellent for swimming

Lake Details

CharacteristicValue
Maximum Depth29 ft
Surface Area129.39 acres
Shoreline Length2.8 mi
Littoral Zone72%
Public AccessNo

Water Quality Trend: Stable

Based on 5 years of monitoring data (2020-2025).

MetricTrendChange/YearYears
Water Clarity Declining-0.231 m/yr5
Phosphorus Improving-2.2 µg/L/yr5

Ice Season

Historical ice data from Minnesota DNR (51 observations).

Typical Ice-Out
Apr 15
Typical Ice-In
Nov 21

Estimated open water season: 220 days

EarliestLatest
Ice-Out2016-03-30 (2016)1996-05-03 (1996)
Ice-In1993-11-06 (1993)1998-12-08 (1998)

Most recent ice-out: 2023-05-01

Location

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County Ranking

Ranked #57 of 133 lakes in Cass County

Nearby Lakes in Cass County

DNR Fisheries Survey Summary

3 surveys on file from MN DNR Fisheries. Most recent: 1987-07-07 (Standard Survey).

Top Species by Catch Rate

SpeciesAvg CPUEAvg Weight
Bluegill37.750.13 lb
Yellow Perch6.090.11 lb
Pumpkinseed5.840.22 lb
Yellow Bass4.460.49 lb
Black Crappie3.330.3 lb
Northern Pike2.563.3 lb

CPUE = catch per unit effort, averaged across surveys (excludes juvenile shoreline seining). Higher CPUE = more abundant in standardized sampling.

From the 1987-07-07 survey

The fish population does not seem to have changed appreciably since the lake survey done in 1962. The bulk of the fish biomass is still predominantly centrarchids, with bluegills, black crappies, and largemouth bass being the most sought-after fish by sportsmen. Looking at the age and growth data, it can be seen that…

Source: MN DNR LakeFinder Fisheries Lake Survey

DNR Reports & Resources

Minnesota DNR LakeFinder publishes lake survey, fish stocking, water access, and aquatic plant data for Rainy Lake. 2 reports on file.

Data Sources

Water quality data from the EPA Water Quality Portal

Grading methodology based on Metropolitan Council standards

Lake details from Minnesota DNR LakeFinder

Ice data from Minnesota DNR Climate

Most recent sample: 2024-09-12

Monitoring stations: 1