Black Hawk Lake
Iowa County, WisconsinEutrophic
Black Hawk Lake carries a solid B grade — strong on most parameters, with measurements that hold up well across the summer season. Clarity is the limiting factor — phosphorus is reasonable but suspended particles or algal cells keep water transparency below Wisconsin norms.
A TSI in the eutrophic range signals a lake doing what nutrient-loaded waters do — supporting an active algal community at the cost of clear water. A maximum depth of 42 ft puts Black Hawk Lake in the middle of Wisconsin's depth distribution. Black Hawk Lake covers 212 acres alongside partial shoreline records — a mid-sized water that supports a working fishery without being so large that conditions diverge between basins. Black Hawk Lake ranks 1 of 6 in Iowa County, putting it in the upper tier of locally monitored lakes.
Black Hawk Lake carries an invasive watermilfoil record — boat-launch decontamination and shoreline care matter more here than at uninfested lakes. Walleye are documented at Black Hawk Lake, one of 4 fish species on record for the lake. Monitoring depth is thin here: the LakeGrade rubric is applied to a small number of sample years, and the grade will be revised as more data accumulates.
Source: EPA Water Quality Portal sampling records, Wisconsin DNR Surface Water, last sampled 2025-08-20. Grade methodology: LakeGrade methodology.
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Swimming Safety
Good for swimming, clear water with low algae levels
Water Quality Grade: B, Good
Murky, only visible to about 5 ft. Phosphorus level: 19.9 µg/L. Trophic State Index: 51.
| Metric | Value | Grade |
|---|---|---|
| Water Clarity (Secchi Depth) | 5 ft | D |
| Phosphorus | 19.9 µg/L | A |
| Chlorophyll-a (Algae) | No data | |
| Trophic State Index (TSI) | 51 | Eutrophic |
High nutrients, frequent algae, reduced clarity
Lake Details
| Characteristic | Value |
|---|---|
| Maximum Depth | 42 ft |
| Surface Area | 212 acres |
Fish Species
Click a species to see all Wisconsin and Minnesota lakes where it is found.
→ Best fishing times for Black Hawk Lake (14-day solunar calendar)
→ Is it safe to eat fish from Black Hawk Lake? (mercury & PFAS guide)
→ Black Hawk Lake fishing regulations (limits, seasons, special rules)
Invasive & Introduced Species
Red chips are ecologically harmful invasive species. Gray chips are stocked or introduced fish that aren't a current ecological concern.
Water Quality Trend: ↓ Declining
Based on 6 years of monitoring data (2020-2025).
| Metric | Trend | Change/Year | Years |
|---|---|---|---|
| Water Clarity | ↓ Declining | -1.575 m/yr | 4 |
| Phosphorus | ↓ Declining | +3.06 µg/L/yr | 6 |
Location
County Ranking
Ranked #1 of 6 lakes in Iowa County
Nearby Lakes in Iowa County
More Wisconsin Lake Rankings
State Parks Near Black Hawk Lake
Other Grade B Lakes in Wisconsin
Eutrophic Lakes in Wisconsin
WI DNR Lake Profile
Authoritative data from the Wisconsin DNR LakePages. Monitored by volunteers since 1997. 3 stations on file (most recent sample 2025).
Fish Species (DNR-rated)
Reservoir Info (USACE NID)
Black Hawk Lake is a man-made reservoir impounded by the Blackhawk Lake (completed 1969), built primarily for recreation on the OTTER CREEK & CAVE HOLLOW BR; earth-type dam, 50 ft tall and 1,130 ft long.
- Surface area
- 220 ac
- Normal storage
- 3,810 ac-ft
- Max storage
- 7,900 ac-ft
- Drainage area
- 16.1 sq mi
- Hazard class
- Low
- Owner
- Iowa County
Source: USACE National Inventory of Dams, NID ID WI00014 · Operator website
EPA Impairment Status
Black Hawk Lake is officially listed as impaired under Clean Water Act §303(d) in the 2024 EPA reporting cycle (IR category 5).
Causes of impairment
Source: EPA ATTAINS assessment unit WI10002617 · Official waterbody report
Data Sources
Water quality data from the EPA Water Quality Portal
Impairment status from EPA ATTAINS 303(d) database
Grading methodology based on Metropolitan Council standards
Most recent sample: 2025-08-20
Monitoring stations: 2