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B

Black Hawk Lake

Iowa County, WisconsinEutrophic

Black Hawk Lake carries a solid B grade — strong on most parameters, with measurements that hold up well across the summer season. Clarity is the limiting factor — phosphorus is reasonable but suspended particles or algal cells keep water transparency below Wisconsin norms.

A TSI in the eutrophic range signals a lake doing what nutrient-loaded waters do — supporting an active algal community at the cost of clear water. A maximum depth of 42 ft puts Black Hawk Lake in the middle of Wisconsin's depth distribution. Black Hawk Lake covers 212 acres alongside partial shoreline records — a mid-sized water that supports a working fishery without being so large that conditions diverge between basins. Black Hawk Lake ranks 1 of 6 in Iowa County, putting it in the upper tier of locally monitored lakes.

Black Hawk Lake carries an invasive watermilfoil record — boat-launch decontamination and shoreline care matter more here than at uninfested lakes. Walleye are documented at Black Hawk Lake, one of 4 fish species on record for the lake. Monitoring depth is thin here: the LakeGrade rubric is applied to a small number of sample years, and the grade will be revised as more data accumulates.

Source: EPA Water Quality Portal sampling records, Wisconsin DNR Surface Water, last sampled 2025-08-20. Grade methodology: LakeGrade methodology.

Reviewed by LakeQuality Editorial Team · Updated

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Swimming Safety

Good for swimming, clear water with low algae levels

Water Quality Grade: B, Good

Murky, only visible to about 5 ft. Phosphorus level: 19.9 µg/L. Trophic State Index: 51.

MetricValueGrade
Water Clarity (Secchi Depth)5 ftD
Phosphorus19.9 µg/LA
Chlorophyll-a (Algae)No data
Trophic State Index (TSI)51Eutrophic

High nutrients, frequent algae, reduced clarity

Lake Details

CharacteristicValue
Maximum Depth42 ft
Surface Area212 acres

Fish Species

Click a species to see all Wisconsin and Minnesota lakes where it is found.

→ Best fishing times for Black Hawk Lake (14-day solunar calendar)

→ Is it safe to eat fish from Black Hawk Lake? (mercury & PFAS guide)

Black Hawk Lake fishing regulations (limits, seasons, special rules)

Invasive & Introduced Species

Red chips are ecologically harmful invasive species. Gray chips are stocked or introduced fish that aren't a current ecological concern.

Chinese Mystery SnailCurly-Leaf PondweedEurasian Water-MilfoilRusty Crayfish

Water Quality Trend: Declining

Based on 6 years of monitoring data (2020-2025).

MetricTrendChange/YearYears
Water Clarity Declining-1.575 m/yr4
Phosphorus Declining+3.06 µg/L/yr6
See year-by-year chart →

Location

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County Ranking

Ranked #1 of 6 lakes in Iowa County

Nearby Lakes in Iowa County

WI DNR Lake Profile

Authoritative data from the Wisconsin DNR LakePages. Monitored by volunteers since 1997. 3 stations on file (most recent sample 2025).

DNR Assessment
Poor · Reservoir lake
Trophic State Index 63 (eutrophic) · 5-year average

Fish Species (DNR-rated)

Panfish(Common)Largemouth Bass(Common)Smallmouth Bass(Present)Walleye(Present)

Reservoir Info (USACE NID)

Black Hawk Lake is a man-made reservoir impounded by the Blackhawk Lake (completed 1969), built primarily for recreation on the OTTER CREEK & CAVE HOLLOW BR; earth-type dam, 50 ft tall and 1,130 ft long.

Surface area
220 ac
Normal storage
3,810 ac-ft
Max storage
7,900 ac-ft
Drainage area
16.1 sq mi
Hazard class
Low
Owner
Iowa County

Source: USACE National Inventory of Dams, NID ID WI00014 · Operator website

EPA Impairment Status

Black Hawk Lake is officially listed as impaired under Clean Water Act §303(d) in the 2024 EPA reporting cycle (IR category 5).

Causes of impairment

Cause unknown

Source: EPA ATTAINS assessment unit WI10002617 · Official waterbody report

Data Sources

Water quality data from the EPA Water Quality Portal

Impairment status from EPA ATTAINS 303(d) database

Grading methodology based on Metropolitan Council standards

Most recent sample: 2025-08-20

Monitoring stations: 2