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LakeQuality

Impaired Lakes in Wisconsin

136 of 189 graded Wisconsin lakes (72%) are officially listed as impaired under Clean Water Act §303(d) in the most recent EPA ATTAINS reporting cycle. 97 have an approved TMDL restoration plan.

Top Causes of Impairment in Wisconsin

82
Algal growth
81
Turbidity
46
Pathogens (E. coli, fecal)
18
Mercury
14
pH / acidity
7
Oxygen depletion (low DO)
2
Sediment / turbidity
2
PCBs

All 136 EPA-Listed Impaired Lakes in Wisconsin

LakeCountyGradeCausesTMDL
West Okoboji LakeDickinsonAPathogens (E. coli, fecal)
Nine Eagles LakeDecaturAMercury, Pathogens (E. coli, fecal)
Lambach LakeScottBAlgal growth
Arrowhead LakeSacCAlgal growth, Pathogens (E. coli, fecal), Turbidity
Railroad LakeScottCAlgal growth
Mariposa LakeJasperCAlgal growth, Turbidity
Mormon Trail LakeAdairCMercury
Lake WapelloDavisCMercury
Poll Miller Park LakeLeeCMercury
Blue Grass LakeScottCAlgal growth
Lake of the HillsScottCAlgal growth
Storm Lake Max DepthBuena VistaDPathogens (E. coli, fecal), Turbidity
East Okoboji LakeDickinsonDMercury
Mitchell LakeBlack HawkDAlgal growth
Bob White LakeWayneDTurbidity
Hickory Grove LakeStoryDPathogens (E. coli, fecal), Turbidity
Iowa Lk2 LakeIowaDAlgal growth, Mercury, Pathogens (E. coli, fecal)
Iowa Lkt LakeIowaDAlgal growth, Mercury, Pathogens (E. coli, fecal)
Lake Iowa Park BeachIowaDAlgal growth, Mercury, Pathogens (E. coli, fecal)
Iowa Lk1 LakeIowaDAlgal growth, Mercury, Pathogens (E. coli, fecal)
Nodaway LakeAdairDTurbidity
Loch Ayr LakeRinggoldDTurbidity
Clear LakeCerro GordoDPathogens (E. coli, fecal), Turbidity
Hooper Pond LakeWarrenDTurbidity
Manteno LakeShelbyDOxygen depletion (low DO)
Lake CorneliaWrightDTurbidity
Hawthorn LakeMahaskaDAlgal growth
Yellow Smoke LakeCrawfordDMercury
Otter Creek LakeTamaDAlgal growth, Turbidity
Lake MacbrideJohnsonDAlgal growth, Pathogens (E. coli, fecal), Turbidity
West Lake OsceolaClarkeDOxygen depletion (low DO)
Spring LakeCherokeeDTurbidity
Gustafson LakeBuena VistaDPathogens (E. coli, fecal), Turbidity
Snyder Bend LakeWoodburyDAlgal growth, Turbidity
Fisher LakeBlack HawkDPathogens (E. coli, fecal), Turbidity
Big Creek LakePolkFAlgal growth, Pathogens (E. coli, fecal)
Arrowhead LakePottawattamieFAlgal growth, Turbidity
White Oak LakeMahaskaFAlgal growth, Turbidity
Crystal Lake Max DepthHancockFAlgal growth, Turbidity
Hannen LakeBentonFAlgal growth
Briggs Woods LakeHamiltonFAlgal growth, pH / acidity, Turbidity
Grays LakePolkFAlgal growth, Turbidity
Union Grove LakeTamaFAlgal growth, Pathogens (E. coli, fecal), pH / acidity +1 more
Casey LakeTamaFAlgal growth
Littlefield LakeAudubonFAlgal growth, Turbidity
Meyers LakeBlack HawkFAlgal growth
Diamond LakePoweshiekFAlgal growth
Swan Lake Max DepthCarrollFAlgal growth, pH / acidity, Turbidity
Badger LakeWebsterFTurbidity
Blue Heron LakePolkFTurbidity
Greenfield LakeAdairFTurbidity
Upper Pine LakeHardinFAlgal growth
Silver Lake Max DepthDelawareFOxygen depletion (low DO), pH / acidity
Twelve Mile LakeUnionFAlgal growth, Turbidity
Sands Timber LakeTaylorFTurbidity
Crawford Creek LakeIdaFpH / acidity
Badger Creek Max Depth LakeMadisonFAlgal growth, Turbidity
North Twin LakeCalhounFAlgal growth, Turbidity
Lake AhquabiWarrenFTurbidity
Green Valley LakeUnionFAlgal growth, Oxygen depletion (low DO), pH / acidity +1 more
Beeds LakeFranklinFPathogens (E. coli, fecal), Turbidity
Black Hawk LakeSacFAlgal growth, Pathogens (E. coli, fecal), Turbidity
Meadow LakeAdairFAlgal growth, Turbidity
East Lake OsceolaClarkeFOxygen depletion (low DO), Turbidity
Lake IowaIowaFAlgal growth, Mercury, Pathogens (E. coli, fecal)
Don Williams LakeBooneFAlgal growth, Sediment / turbidity, Turbidity
George Wyth LakeBlack HawkFPathogens (E. coli, fecal), Turbidity
Silver LakePalo AltoFAlgal growth, Turbidity
Little Wall LakeHamiltonFAlgal growth, Turbidity
Ellis LakeLucasFOxygen depletion (low DO)
Morris LakeLucasFOxygen depletion (low DO)
Lake OrientAdairFAlgal growth, pH / acidity, Turbidity
Lake AnitaCassFTurbidity
Roberts Creek LakeMarionFTurbidity
Prairie Rose LakeShelbyFAlgal growth, Pathogens (E. coli, fecal), Turbidity
Lake Miami Max DepthMonroeFMercury, Turbidity
Summit LakeUnionFAlgal growth, PCBs, Turbidity
Rodgers LakeBentonFAlgal growth
Center LakeDickinsonFTurbidity
Lower Pine LakeHardinFAlgal growth, Pathogens (E. coli, fecal)
Mckinley LakeUnionFAlgal growth, PCBs, Turbidity
Brushy Creek LakeWebsterFPathogens (E. coli, fecal)
Lake IcariaAdamsFTurbidity
Rock Creek Max Depth LakeJasperFAlgal growth, Turbidity
Red Haw LakeLucasFMercury
Lake KeomahMahaskaFAlgal growth, Mercury, Pathogens (E. coli, fecal) +1 more
Beaver LakeDallasFAlgal growth, pH / acidity
Fin And Feather LakeCerro GordoFpH / acidity
Five Island LakePalo AltoFAlgal growth, Turbidity
Avenue of the Saints LakeBremerFAlgal growth, pH / acidity, Turbidity
Big Creek Tmdl 3 LakePolkFAlgal growth, Pathogens (E. coli, fecal)
Spring Lake Max DepthGreeneFTurbidity
Big Creek Tmdl 1 LakePolkFAlgal growth, Pathogens (E. coli, fecal)
Lake Darling Max DepthWashingtonFAlgal growth, Pathogens (E. coli, fecal), pH / acidity +1 more
Desoto Bend LakeHarrisonFAlgal growth, Turbidity
Big Creek 319 LakePolkFAlgal growth, Pathogens (E. coli, fecal)
Eldred Sherwood LakeHancockFPathogens (E. coli, fecal)
Lake ManawaPottawattamieFPathogens (E. coli, fecal), Turbidity
Big Hollow LakeDes MoinesFAlgal growth, pH / acidity, Turbidity
Wilson LakeTaylorFTurbidity
Ottumwa Lagoon Max Depth LakeWapelloFAlgal growth, Turbidity
Arbor Lake Max DepthPoweshiekFAlgal growth, Sediment / turbidity
Big Creek Tmdl 2 LakePolkFAlgal growth, Pathogens (E. coli, fecal)
Lake of Three Fires Max DepthTaylorFAlgal growth, Pathogens (E. coli, fecal), pH / acidity +1 more
Lake GeodeDes MoinesFMercury, Pathogens (E. coli, fecal), pH / acidity
Browns LakeWoodburyFTurbidity
Williamson Pond Max DepthLucasFTurbidity
Indian LakeVan BurenFTurbidity
Ingham LakeEmmetFAlgal growth, Turbidity
Smith LakeKossuthFAlgal growth
Lake HendricksHowardFAlgal growth
Windmill LakeTaylorFTurbidity
Little River LakeDecaturFMercury, Pathogens (E. coli, fecal)
Blue LakeMononaFTurbidity
Pierce Creek LakePageFAlgal growth, Turbidity
Lake PahojaLyonFPathogens (E. coli, fecal)
Volga LakeFayetteFAlgal growth, Turbidity
Rkcrk 4 LakeJasperFAlgal growth, Turbidity
Pine Lake South BeachHardinFAlgal growth, Pathogens (E. coli, fecal)
Alice Wyth LakeBlack HawkFPathogens (E. coli, fecal), Turbidity
Iowa Lk3 LakeIowaFAlgal growth, Mercury, Pathogens (E. coli, fecal)
Rkcrk 5 LakeJasperFAlgal growth, Turbidity
Lpinelk T LakeHardinFAlgal growth, Pathogens (E. coli, fecal)
Corydon ReservoirWayneFPesticides
Rock Creek Beach LakeJasperFAlgal growth, Turbidity
Rkcrk 1 LakeJasperFAlgal growth, Turbidity
Lpinelk 3 LakeHardinFAlgal growth, Pathogens (E. coli, fecal)
Rkcrk 2 LakeJasperFAlgal growth, Turbidity
Rkcrk 3 LakeJasperFAlgal growth, Turbidity
Lpinelk 2 LakeHardinFAlgal growth, Pathogens (E. coli, fecal)
Iowa Lk4 LakeIowaFAlgal growth, Mercury, Pathogens (E. coli, fecal)
Lpinelk 1 LakeHardinFAlgal growth, Pathogens (E. coli, fecal)
Prairie Rose Station 60 LakeShelbyFAlgal growth, Pathogens (E. coli, fecal), Turbidity
Prairie Rose Station 70 LakeShelbyFAlgal growth, Pathogens (E. coli, fecal), Turbidity
Prairie Rose Station 40 LakeShelbyFAlgal growth, Pathogens (E. coli, fecal), Turbidity
Prairie Rose Station 50 LakeShelbyFAlgal growth, Pathogens (E. coli, fecal), Turbidity

Frequently Asked Questions

How many lakes are impaired in Wisconsin?

136 of 189 graded Wisconsin lakes (72%) are listed as impaired in the most recent EPA ATTAINS reporting cycle. Of those, 83 are on the federal Clean Water Act §303(d) list and 97 have an approved Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) restoration plan.

What does Clean Water Act §303(d) mean?

Section 303(d) of the federal Clean Water Act requires every state to identify waters that don't meet water quality standards even after pollution control measures. Each listed water must then have a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) developed — a plan that caps how much of each pollutant can enter the waterbody. The "303(d) list" is the impaired-waters list. The EPA reviews each state's list every two years.

What are the top causes of impairment in Wisconsin?

The most common causes flagged across Wisconsin's impaired lakes are: Algal growth (82 lakes); Turbidity (81 lakes); Pathogens (E. coli, fecal) (46 lakes); Mercury (18 lakes); pH / acidity (14 lakes); Oxygen depletion (low DO) (7 lakes). Mercury is widespread in fish tissue across the upper Midwest from atmospheric deposition. Nutrient impairment (phosphorus, nitrogen) typically reflects agricultural runoff and urban stormwater.

Can I swim in an impaired lake?

It depends on the cause of impairment. A lake impaired for "mercury in fish tissue" is generally safe to swim in — the warning is about long-term consumption of fish. A lake impaired for "pathogens" (E. coli) or "algal growth" may pose a swimming risk and often has a separate beach advisory. Check the cause categories listed for each lake below, and consult your state health department's beach monitoring program for current advisories.

Where does this impairment data come from?

Every impairment record on this page comes from the EPA's ATTAINS (Assessment and TMDL Tracking and Implementation System) public dataset, the federal repository of state-reported water quality assessments. EPA ATTAINS is published as GeoParquet files on the EPA Office of Water S3 bucket and refreshed several times per year. Causes and use-support codes follow EPA's standard taxonomy.

Data source

Impairment data from the EPA ATTAINS (Assessment and TMDL Tracking and Implementation System) public dataset. Assessment unit IDs are matched to LakeGrade waterbodies by name and proximity; some lakes may not appear here if their ATTAINS name doesn't match our naming convention. For an official query, consult Wisconsin's state water-quality agency.