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D

Elk Lake

Sherburne County, MinnesotaEutrophic

Elk Lake pulls a D on the LakeGrade rubric — phosphorus loading and limited clarity hold it below the Minnesota average. clarity and phosphorus rate similarly, so there is no obvious single lever to pull on watershed management.

A TSI in the eutrophic range signals a lake doing what nutrient-loaded waters do — supporting an active algal community at the cost of clear water. The lake bottoms out at 15 ft — a moderate depth that supports a warm-water fishery without the year-round cold refuge a deeper basin provides. At 362 acres, Elk Lake fits the Minnesota median for monitored lakes, with 4.9 miles of shoreline. Within Sherburne County's 24 graded lakes, Elk Lake ranks 18 — below the local median, though not at the bottom.

Eurasian watermilfoil is established at Elk Lake, which can dampen recreational access and pressure the native plant community. The fishery includes walleye among the lake's 15 documented species — a notable draw for Minnesota anglers. Public access is available — the lake is on the Minnesota PCA public-access list. Ice-out has been recorded 9 times at Elk Lake, with a median around Apr 4. The grade is based on limited monitoring — fewer than three independent measurement years contribute, so future updates may shift the letter.

Source: EPA Water Quality Portal sampling records, Minnesota DNR LakeFinder, last sampled 2024-09-28. Grade methodology: LakeGrade methodology.

Reviewed by LakeQuality Editorial Team · Updated

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Swimming Safety

Swimming not recommended, poor water quality with high algae risk

Water Quality Grade: D, Poor

Very murky, less than 2.5 ft of visibility. Phosphorus level: 74 µg/L. Trophic State Index: 65.

MetricValueGrade
Water Clarity (Secchi Depth)2.5 ftF
Phosphorus74 µg/LD
Chlorophyll-a (Algae)No data
Trophic State Index (TSI)65Eutrophic

High nutrients, frequent algae, reduced clarity

Lake Details

CharacteristicValue
Maximum Depth15 ft
Average Depth7 ft
Surface Area361.91 acres
Shoreline Length4.9 mi
Littoral Zone100%
Public AccessYes

Fish Species

black bullhead,black crappie,bluegill,bowfin (dogfish),brown bullhead,common carp,green sunfish,hybrid sunfish,largemouth bass,northern pike,pumpkinseed,walleye,white sucker,yellow bullhead,yellow perch

Click a species to see all Minnesota and Wisconsin lakes where it is found.

→ Best fishing times for Elk Lake (14-day solunar calendar)

→ Is it safe to eat fish from Elk Lake? (mercury & PFAS guide)

Elk Lake fishing regulations (limits, seasons, special rules)

Invasive & Introduced Species

Red chips are ecologically harmful invasive species. Gray chips are stocked or introduced fish that aren't a current ecological concern.

Eurasian watermilfoil

Water Quality Trend: Stable

Based on 5 years of monitoring data (2020-2025).

MetricTrendChange/YearYears
Water Clarity Improving+0.073 m/yr5
Phosphorus Declining+2.5 µg/L/yr3
See year-by-year chart →

Ice Season

Historical ice data from Minnesota DNR (19 observations).

Typical Ice-Out
Apr 4
Typical Ice-In
Nov 23

Estimated open water season: 233 days

EarliestLatest
Ice-Out2026-03-30 (2026)2008-04-21 (2008)
Ice-In1991-11-02 (1991)2021-12-07 (2021)

Most recent ice-out: 2026-03-30

Location

Loading map…

County Ranking

Ranked #18 of 24 lakes in Sherburne County

Cleaner Lakes Within 30 Miles

Elk Lake holds Grade D. 5 nearby lakes hold higher grades.

See full comparison →

Nearby Lakes in Sherburne County

DNR Fisheries Survey Summary

8 surveys on file from MN DNR Fisheries. Most recent: 2017-08-14 (Targeted Survey).

Top Species by Catch Rate

SpeciesAvg CPUEAvg Weight
Black Crappie49.140.21 lb
Black Bullhead27.700.42 lb
Bluntnose Minnow24.18
Bluegill23.910.16 lb
Largemouth Bass10.311.32 lb
JND8.04

CPUE = catch per unit effort, averaged across surveys (excludes juvenile shoreline seining). Higher CPUE = more abundant in standardized sampling.

Length Distributions

Number of fish caught at each inch class in the most recent survey that recorded lengths. Red dashed line marks an approximate trophy threshold for that species.

Black Crappie

741 fish · 312 in · 2017-07-24
2981490trophy 103456789101112

Black Bullhead

106 fish · 512 in · 2017-07-24
2915056789101112

Bluntnose Minnow

5 fish · 23 in · 1993-07-01
42023

Bluegill

240 fish · 39 in · 2017-07-24
149750trophy 103456789

From the 2017-08-14 survey

A targeted survey of the nearshore fish community on Elk Lake was conducted on August 14, 2017 by Fisheries Lake IBI program staff. Sampling stations were evenly spaced around the lake and each was sampled by backpack electrofishing and seining with a 50-foot, where possible. Backpack electrofishing was completed at…

Source: MN DNR LakeFinder Fisheries Lake Survey

DNR Reports & Resources

Minnesota DNR LakeFinder publishes lake survey, fish stocking, water access, and aquatic plant data for Elk Lake. 3 reports on file.

Reservoir Info (USACE NID)

Elk Lake is a man-made reservoir impounded by the Elk Lake, built primarily for fish and wildlife pond on the Battle Brook; other-type dam, 9 ft tall and 44 ft long.

Surface area
353 ac
Normal storage
294 ac-ft
Max storage
3,600 ac-ft
Drainage area
42 sq mi
Hazard class
Low
Owner
MNDNR-Trails

Source: USACE National Inventory of Dams, NID ID MN01329 · Operator website

EPA Impairment Status

Elk Lake is officially listed as impaired under Clean Water Act §303(d) in the 2024 EPA reporting cycle (IR category 5).

Causes of impairment

Nutrients (phosphorus, nitrogen)

A Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) plan has been approved.

Source: EPA ATTAINS assessment unit MN71-0055-00 · Official waterbody report

Data Sources

Water quality data from the EPA Water Quality Portal

Impairment status from EPA ATTAINS 303(d) database

Grading methodology based on Metropolitan Council standards

Lake details from Minnesota DNR LakeFinder

Ice data from Minnesota DNR Climate

Most recent sample: 2024-09-28

Monitoring stations: 1