Birch Lake
Unknown County, MinnesotaLimited DataOligotrophic
On the LakeGrade rubric, Birch Lake pulls an A: clarity at 15.0 ft and phosphorus readings still being added put it in the top bracket for Minnesota. Clarity, phosphorus, and chlorophyll-a all rate similarly, so there is no obvious single lever to pull on watershed management.
Trophically, Birch Lake reads as oligotrophic — nutrient-poor, clear, and ecologically more sensitive to disturbance than richer lakes. Birch Lake reaches 34 ft at its deepest point — typical for Minnesota mid-sized lakes, with seasonal stratification but limited cold-water refuge. At 836 acres, Birch Lake fits the Minnesota median for monitored lakes, with 27.8 miles of shoreline. Among the 5 graded lakes in Unknown County, Birch Lake ranks 1 — in the top quartile locally.
No invasive species are currently listed at Birch Lake — the lake remains off the Minnesota infested-waters roster. Walleye are documented at Birch Lake, one of 10 fish species on record for the lake. No formal public access is documented at Birch Lake — most use is by shoreline residents and their guests. The grade is based on limited monitoring — fewer than three independent measurement years contribute, so future updates may shift the letter.
Source: EPA Water Quality Portal sampling records, Minnesota DNR LakeFinder, last sampled 2025-07-12. Grade methodology: LakeGrade methodology.
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Swimming Safety
Excellent for swimming, crystal clear water with minimal algae
Water Quality Grade: A, Excellent
Crystal clear, you can see 15 ft down. Trophic State Index: 38.
| Metric | Value | Grade |
|---|---|---|
| Water Clarity (Secchi Depth) | 15 ft | A |
| Phosphorus | No data | |
| Chlorophyll-a (Algae) | No data | |
| Trophic State Index (TSI) | 38 | Oligotrophic |
Low nutrients, clear water, excellent for swimming
Lake Details
| Characteristic | Value |
|---|---|
| Maximum Depth | 34 ft |
| Surface Area | 836 acres |
| Shoreline Length | 27.8 mi |
| Littoral Zone | 41% |
| Public Access | No |
Fish Species
Click a species to see every graded lake where it is documented.
→ Best fishing times for Birch Lake (14-day solunar calendar)
→ Is it safe to eat fish from Birch Lake? (mercury & PFAS guide)
→ Birch Lake fishing regulations (limits, seasons, special rules)
Water Quality Trend: → Stable
Based on 6 years of monitoring data (2020-2025).
| Metric | Trend | Change/Year | Years |
|---|---|---|---|
| Water Clarity | → Stable | -0.046 m/yr | 6 |
Location
County Ranking
Ranked #1 of 5 lakes in Unknown County
Nearby Lakes in Unknown County
More Minnesota Lake Rankings
Other Grade A Lakes in Minnesota
Oligotrophic Lakes in Minnesota
Compare Birch Lake With Nearby Lakes
DNR Fisheries Survey Summary
9 surveys on file from MN DNR Fisheries. Most recent: 2017-09-05 (Standard Survey).
Top Species by Catch Rate
| Species | Avg CPUE | Avg Weight |
|---|---|---|
| Walleye | 7.49 | 1.61 lb |
| Tullibee (Cisco) | 6.15 | 0.64 lb |
| White Sucker | 4.19 | 2.8 lb |
| CIS | 3.50 | 0.57 lb |
| Bluegill | 2.35 | 0.19 lb |
| Northern Pike | 2.28 | 3.61 lb |
CPUE = catch per unit effort, averaged across surveys (excludes juvenile shoreline seining). Higher CPUE = more abundant in standardized sampling.
Length Distributions
Number of fish caught at each inch class in the most recent survey that recorded lengths. Red dashed line marks an approximate trophy threshold for that species.
Walleye
Tullibee (Cisco)
White Sucker
CIS
From the 2017-09-05 survey
Birch Lake is located approximately 18 miles NE of Ely within the BWCAW. The northern half of the lake is part of Ontario's Quetico Provincial Park. Birch Lake is 836 acres with 397 of these acres in Minnesota. Visitors should be familiar with appropriate regulations when traveling these wilderness areas. Birch Lake…
DNR Reports & Resources
Minnesota DNR LakeFinder publishes lake survey, fish stocking, water access, and aquatic plant data for Birch Lake. 1 report on file.
- —Fisheries Lake Survey — BirchFisheries Lake Survey · MN DNR LakeFinder
EPA Impairment Status
Birch Lake is officially listed as impaired under Clean Water Act §303(d) in the 2024 EPA reporting cycle (IR category 4A).
Causes of impairment
A Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) plan has been approved.
Source: EPA ATTAINS assessment unit MN38-0532-00 · Official waterbody report
Data Sources
Water quality data from the EPA Water Quality Portal
Impairment status from EPA ATTAINS 303(d) database
Grading methodology based on Metropolitan Council standards
Lake details from Minnesota DNR LakeFinder
Most recent sample: 2025-07-12
Monitoring stations: 18
Where to stay near Birch Lake
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