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Big Fish Lake

Stearns County, MinnesotaOligotrophic

On the LakeGrade rubric, Big Fish Lake pulls an A: clarity at 20.7 ft and 9 µg/L of phosphorus put it in the top bracket for Minnesota. With clarity and phosphorus scored, the sub-grades cluster within a letter of each other, pointing to stable conditions rather than one specific stressor.

Trophically, Big Fish Lake reads as oligotrophic — nutrient-poor, clear, and ecologically more sensitive to disturbance than richer lakes. At 70 ft of maximum depth, Big Fish Lake stratifies reliably through the summer — the hypolimnion stays cooler and clearer than the surface layer suggests. The lake's 557 acres and 5.9 miles of shoreline put it in the mid-range bucket — large enough for varied use, small enough that watershed inputs reach the whole basin. Within Stearns County's 55 graded waters, Big Fish Lake sits at rank 4, near the top of the local distribution.

Zebra mussel presence at Big Fish Lake means the lake's clarity numbers carry an asterisk — filtered water is not the same as nutrient-poor water. The fishery includes walleye among the lake's 15 documented species — a notable draw for Minnesota anglers. A documented public access point at Big Fish Lake makes the lake usable for shore fishing, paddle craft, and trailered boats. Ice-out has been recorded 21 times at Big Fish Lake, with a median around Apr 13. Monitoring depth is thin here: the LakeGrade rubric is applied to a small number of sample years, and the grade will be revised as more data accumulates.

Source: EPA Water Quality Portal sampling records, Minnesota DNR LakeFinder, last sampled 2024-09-16. Grade methodology: LakeGrade methodology.

Reviewed by LakeQuality Editorial Team · Updated

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Swimming Safety

Excellent for swimming, crystal clear water with minimal algae

Water Quality Grade: A, Excellent

Crystal clear, you can see 20.7 ft down. Phosphorus level: 9 µg/L. Trophic State Index: 35.

MetricValueGrade
Water Clarity (Secchi Depth)20.7 ftA
Phosphorus9 µg/LA
Chlorophyll-a (Algae)No data
Trophic State Index (TSI)35Oligotrophic

Low nutrients, clear water, excellent for swimming

Lake Details

CharacteristicValue
Maximum Depth70 ft
Average Depth26.4 ft
Surface Area557.31 acres
Shoreline Length5.9 mi
Littoral Zone33%
Public AccessYes

Fish Species

black bullhead,black crappie,bluegill,bowfin (dogfish),brown bullhead,common carp,green sunfish,hybrid sunfish,largemouth bass,northern pike,pumpkinseed,walleye,white sucker,yellow bullhead,yellow perch

Click a species to see all Minnesota and Wisconsin lakes where it is found.

→ Best fishing times for Big Fish Lake (14-day solunar calendar)

→ Is it safe to eat fish from Big Fish Lake? (mercury & PFAS guide)

Big Fish Lake fishing regulations (limits, seasons, special rules)

Invasive & Introduced Species

Red chips are ecologically harmful invasive species. Gray chips are stocked or introduced fish that aren't a current ecological concern.

zebra mussel

Water Quality Trend: Declining

Based on 5 years of monitoring data (2020-2025).

MetricTrendChange/YearYears
Water Clarity Stable-0.001 m/yr5
Phosphorus Declining+1.1 µg/L/yr5
See year-by-year chart →

Ice Season

Historical ice data from Minnesota DNR (40 observations).

Typical Ice-Out
Apr 13
Typical Ice-In
Dec 3

Estimated open water season: 234 days

EarliestLatest
Ice-Out2012-03-19 (2012)2013-05-09 (2013)
Ice-In1996-11-21 (1996)1998-12-21 (1998)

Most recent ice-out: 2014-04-26

Location

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County Ranking

Ranked #4 of 55 lakes in Stearns County

Nearby Lakes in Stearns County

DNR Fisheries Survey Summary

12 surveys on file from MN DNR Fisheries. Most recent: 2025-08-04 (Standard Survey).

Top Species by Catch Rate

SpeciesAvg CPUEAvg Weight
Bluntnose Minnow87.34
BCS49.25
Bluegill43.890.13 lb
OTM37.00
BNS34.98
BKF14.78

CPUE = catch per unit effort, averaged across surveys (excludes juvenile shoreline seining). Higher CPUE = more abundant in standardized sampling.

Length Distributions

Number of fish caught at each inch class in the most recent survey that recorded lengths. Red dashed line marks an approximate trophy threshold for that species.

Bluegill

241 fish · 38 in · 2025-08-04
93470345678

From the 2025-08-04 survey

Big Fish Lake, located five miles north of Cold Spring in central Stearns County, is a scenic, clear water lake that offers a variety of angling and recreational opportunities. It has a maximum depth of 70 feet and a small watershed with a high percentage of undeveloped forest and grassland and a modest amount of…

Source: MN DNR LakeFinder Fisheries Lake Survey

DNR Reports & Resources

Minnesota DNR LakeFinder publishes lake survey, fish stocking, water access, and aquatic plant data for Big Fish Lake. 4 reports on file.

EPA Impairment Status

Big Fish Lake is officially listed as impaired under Clean Water Act §303(d) in the 2024 EPA reporting cycle (IR category 4A).

Causes of impairment

Mercury

A Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) plan has been approved.

Source: EPA ATTAINS assessment unit MN73-0106-00 · Official waterbody report

Data Sources

Water quality data from the EPA Water Quality Portal

Impairment status from EPA ATTAINS 303(d) database

Grading methodology based on Metropolitan Council standards

Lake details from Minnesota DNR LakeFinder

Ice data from Minnesota DNR Climate

Most recent sample: 2024-09-16

Monitoring stations: 2