Big Eau Pleine Lake
Marathon County, WisconsinHypereutrophic
Big Eau Pleine Lake grades an F: every scored parameter (clarity and phosphorus) rates poorly, placing it among the most stressed lakes monitored in Wisconsin. With clarity and phosphorus scored, the sub-grades cluster within a letter of each other, pointing to stable conditions rather than one specific stressor.
The hypereutrophic status — TSI 73 — reflects sustained heavy nutrient loading from the surrounding watershed and frequent algal pressure. The lake's maximum depth is not yet documented in state morphometric records — context for its physical structure remains limited. The lake's surface area is not consistently recorded across state datasets — physical context remains partial. Big Eau Pleine Lake ranks 4 of 5 in Marathon County — at the lower end of the locally monitored distribution.
Big Eau Pleine Lake has no invasive species recorded in Wisconsin state databases as of 2025, though prevention practices still apply at all access points. The state fisheries records do not list documented species for Big Eau Pleine Lake, which usually reflects a lack of formal fisheries survey work rather than an empty lake. The grade is based on limited monitoring — fewer than three independent measurement years contribute, so future updates may shift the letter.
Source: EPA Water Quality Portal sampling records, Wisconsin DNR Surface Water, last sampled 2025-10-29. Grade methodology: LakeGrade methodology.
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Swimming Safety
Avoid swimming, very poor water quality, potential algae toxins
Water Quality Grade: F, Very Poor
Very murky, less than 1.5 ft of visibility. Phosphorus level: 131 µg/L. Trophic State Index: 73.
| Metric | Value | Grade |
|---|---|---|
| Water Clarity (Secchi Depth) | 1.5 ft | F |
| Phosphorus | 131 µg/L | F |
| Chlorophyll-a (Algae) | No data | |
| Trophic State Index (TSI) | 73 | Hypereutrophic |
Very high nutrients, dense algae, poor clarity
Water Quality Trend: ↑ Improving
Based on 3 years of monitoring data (2020-2025).
| Metric | Trend | Change/Year | Years |
|---|---|---|---|
| Water Clarity | ↑ Improving | +0.025 m/yr | 3 |
| Phosphorus | ↑ Improving | -19.25 µg/L/yr | 3 |
Location
County Ranking
Ranked #4 of 5 lakes in Marathon County
Cleaner Lakes Within 30 Miles
Big Eau Pleine Lake holds Grade F. 4 nearby lakes hold higher grades.
- BGlisezinski LakePortage County · mi · Two grade letters higher (F → B)
- BBig Bass LakeMarathon County · mi · Two grade letters higher (F → B)
- CJordan PondPortage County · mi · Two grade letters higher (F → C)
- DLake DubayMarathon County · mi · Higher grade (F → D)
Nearby Lakes in Marathon County
More Wisconsin Lake Rankings
State Parks Near Big Eau Pleine Lake
Other Grade F Lakes in Wisconsin
Hypereutrophic Lakes in Wisconsin
DNR Reports & Resources
Wisconsin DNR Fisheries scientists publish multi-year survey reports for Big Eau Pleine Lake covering fish populations, stocking, water quality, and management. 1 report on file.
- 2024Big Eau Pleine Reservoir comprehensive survey, 2024Comprehensive Survey · WI DNR · 2024 (PDF)
EPA Impairment Status
Big Eau Pleine Lake is officially listed as impaired under Clean Water Act §303(d) in the 2024 EPA reporting cycle (IR category 4A).
Causes of impairment
A Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) plan has been approved.
Source: EPA ATTAINS assessment unit WI10026869 · Official waterbody report
Data Sources
Water quality data from the EPA Water Quality Portal
Impairment status from EPA ATTAINS 303(d) database
Grading methodology based on Metropolitan Council standards
Most recent sample: 2025-10-29
Monitoring stations: 7