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B

Oxbow Lake

Vilas County, WisconsinMesotrophic

Oxbow Lake comes in at a B on the grading rubric — a respectable showing for a Wisconsin lake of its size and depth. Secchi readings are the weakest of the three parameters, suggesting suspended sediment or algal biomass dominates the optical signal.

The lake sits in the mesotrophic zone — the band where most well-managed Wisconsin lakes fall. A maximum depth of 44 ft puts Oxbow Lake in the middle of Wisconsin's depth distribution. Oxbow Lake covers 523 acres alongside partial shoreline records — a mid-sized water that supports a working fishery without being so large that conditions diverge between basins. Among the 191 graded lakes in Vilas County, Oxbow Lake sits at rank 83, above the county median.

Oxbow Lake has at least one documented invasive species (Banded Mystery Snail), so boaters and anglers should observe clean-drain-dry steps when leaving the lake. The fishery includes walleye alongside the lake's other 6 documented species — a notable draw for Wisconsin anglers. A documented public access point at Oxbow Lake makes the lake usable for shore fishing, paddle craft, and trailered boats. Monitoring depth is thin here: the LakeGrade rubric is applied to a small number of sample years, and the grade will be revised as more data accumulates.

Source: EPA Water Quality Portal sampling records, Wisconsin DNR Surface Water, last sampled 2026-06-22. Grade methodology: LakeGrade methodology.

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Swimming Safety

Good for swimming, clear water with low algae levels

Water Quality Grade: B, Good

Moderate clarity, visible to about 8 ft. Phosphorus level: 15.2 µg/L. Trophic State Index: 45.

MetricValueGrade
Water Clarity (Secchi Depth)8 ftC
Phosphorus15.2 µg/LA
Chlorophyll-a (Algae)No data
Trophic State Index (TSI)45Mesotrophic

Moderate nutrients, good water quality

Lake Details

CharacteristicValue
Maximum Depth44 ft
Surface Area523 acres
Public AccessYes

Fish Species

Click a species to see every graded lake where it is documented.

→ Best fishing times for Oxbow Lake (14-day solunar calendar)

→ Is it safe to eat fish from Oxbow Lake? (mercury & PFAS guide)

Oxbow Lake fishing regulations (limits, seasons, special rules)

Invasive & Introduced Species

Red chips are ecologically harmful invasive species. Gray chips are stocked or introduced fish that aren't a current ecological concern.

Banded Mystery Snail

Water Quality Trend: Improving

Based on 7 years of monitoring data (2020-2025).

MetricTrendChange/YearYears
Water Clarity Improving+0.509 m/yr7
Phosphorus Improving-0.43 µg/L/yr6
See year-by-year chart →

Recreation & Access

2
Boat Landings
Yes
Public Access

Location

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County Ranking

Ranked #83 of 191 lakes in Vilas County

Cleaner Lakes Within 30 Miles

Oxbow Lake holds Grade B. 4 nearby lakes hold higher grades.

See full comparison →

Nearby Lakes in Vilas County

WI DNR Lake Profile

Authoritative data from the Wisconsin DNR LakePages. Monitored by volunteers since 1992. 1 station on file (most recent sample 2025).

DNR Assessment
Reported
Trophic State Index 45 (mesotrophic) · 5-year average

Fish Species (DNR-rated)

Walleye(Common)Musky(Present)Panfish(Present)Largemouth Bass(Present)Smallmouth Bass(Present)Northern Pike(Present)

EPA Impairment Status

Oxbow Lake is officially listed as impaired under Clean Water Act §303(d) in the 2024 EPA reporting cycle (IR category 5).

Causes of impairment

MercuryNutrients (phosphorus, nitrogen)

Source: EPA ATTAINS assessment unit WI10007691 · Official waterbody report

Data Sources

Water quality data from the EPA Water Quality Portal

Impairment status from EPA ATTAINS 303(d) database

Grading methodology based on Metropolitan Council standards

Fish and recreation data from Wisconsin DNR Lakes

Public boat-access points from the USGS National Boat Ramps inventory

Most recent sample: 2026-06-22

Monitoring stations: 1

Where to stay near Oxbow Lake

Compare lakeside cabins, hotels, and vacation rentals near Oxbow Lake in Vilas County, Wisconsin — live availability and prices for your trip.

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