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D

Square Lake

Lake County, MinnesotaLimited DataEutrophic

Square Lake pulls a D on the LakeGrade rubric — phosphorus loading and limited clarity hold it below the Minnesota average.

Eutrophic conditions are the baseline here: clarity drops noticeably in late summer, and dissolved oxygen near the bottom can become a concern. Square Lake is a shallow lake at 7 ft maximum depth, which means it warms quickly, mixes constantly, and amplifies nutrient inputs. The lake's 123 acres and 3.3 miles of shoreline put it in the mid-range bucket — large enough for varied use, small enough that watershed inputs reach the whole basin. Within the 142 graded lakes of Lake County, Square Lake sits at rank 119, near the bottom of the county list.

No invasive species are currently listed at Square Lake — the lake remains off the Minnesota infested-waters roster. The fishery includes walleye among the lake's 7 documented species — a notable draw for Minnesota anglers. The lake lacks a documented public access point, so visitor use is limited. The grade is based on limited monitoring — fewer than three independent measurement years contribute, so future updates may shift the letter.

Source: EPA Water Quality Portal sampling records, Minnesota DNR LakeFinder, last sampled 2024-07-30. Grade methodology: LakeGrade methodology.

Reviewed by LakeQuality Editorial Team · Updated

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Swimming Safety

Swimming not recommended, poor water quality with high algae risk

Water Quality Grade: D, Poor

Murky, only visible to about 5.5 ft. Trophic State Index: 53.

MetricValueGrade
Water Clarity (Secchi Depth)5.5 ftD
PhosphorusNo data
Chlorophyll-a (Algae)No data
Trophic State Index (TSI)53Eutrophic

High nutrients, frequent algae, reduced clarity

Lake Details

CharacteristicValue
Maximum Depth7 ft
Surface Area122.68 acres
Shoreline Length3.3 mi
Littoral Zone100%
Public AccessNo

Fish Species

green sunfish,northern pike,rock bass,smallmouth bass,walleye,white sucker,yellow perch

Click a species to see all Minnesota and Wisconsin lakes where it is found.

→ Best fishing times for Square Lake (14-day solunar calendar)

→ Is it safe to eat fish from Square Lake? (mercury & PFAS guide)

Square Lake fishing regulations (limits, seasons, special rules)

Location

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County Ranking

Ranked #119 of 142 lakes in Lake County

Nearby Lakes in Lake County

DNR Fisheries Survey Summary

3 surveys on file from MN DNR Fisheries. Most recent: 2015-07-27 (Standard Survey).

Top Species by Catch Rate

SpeciesAvg CPUEAvg Weight
White Sucker13.461.92 lb
Yellow Perch11.740.18 lb
Walleye10.120.99 lb
Northern Pike3.860.95 lb
Smallmouth Bass1.331.57 lb
Rock Bass0.960.21 lb

CPUE = catch per unit effort, averaged across surveys (excludes juvenile shoreline seining). Higher CPUE = more abundant in standardized sampling.

Length Distributions

Number of fish caught at each inch class in the most recent survey that recorded lengths. Red dashed line marks an approximate trophy threshold for that species.

White Sucker

63 fish · 820 in · 2015-07-27
1790891011121314151617181920

Yellow Perch

33 fish · 59 in · 2015-07-27
126056789

Walleye

60 fish · 623 in · 2015-07-27
1680trophy 246810121416182022

Northern Pike

15 fish · 817 in · 2015-07-27
210891011121314151617

From the 2015-07-27 survey

Square Lake has an area of 122 acres, and a maximum depth of 7 feet. Square Lake is within the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness (BWCAW) approximately 2.5 miles by canoe from the Kawishiwi Lake access point via Kawishiwi Lake and the Kawishiwi River. Square Lake is part of the popular non-motorized canoe route…

Source: MN DNR LakeFinder Fisheries Lake Survey

DNR Reports & Resources

Minnesota DNR LakeFinder publishes lake survey, fish stocking, water access, and aquatic plant data for Square Lake. 1 report on file.

EPA Impairment Status

Square Lake is officially listed as impaired under Clean Water Act §303(d) in the 2024 EPA reporting cycle (IR category 4A).

Causes of impairment

Mercury

A Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) plan has been approved.

Source: EPA ATTAINS assessment unit MN38-0074-00 · Official waterbody report

Data Sources

Water quality data from the EPA Water Quality Portal

Impairment status from EPA ATTAINS 303(d) database

Grading methodology based on Metropolitan Council standards

Lake details from Minnesota DNR LakeFinder

Most recent sample: 2024-07-30

Monitoring stations: 1